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Column-oriented DBMS
A column-oriented DBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores data tables as sections of columns of data rather than as rows of data. In comparison, most relational DBMSs store data in rows. This column-oriented DBMS has advantages for data warehouses, clinical data analysis, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, and library card catalogs, and other ad hoc inquiry systems where aggregates are computed over large numbers of similar data items.
It is possible to achieve some of the benefits of column-oriented and row-oriented organization with any DBMSs. Denoting one as column-oriented refers to both the ease of expression of a column-oriented structure and the focus on optimizations for column-oriented workloads.〔〔(A decomposition storage model ), Copeland, George P. and Khoshafian, Setrag N., SIGMOD '85, 1985.〕 This approach is in contrast to row-oriented or row store databases and with correlation databases, which use a value-based storage structure.
Column-oriented storage is closely related to database normalization due to the way it restricts the database schema design. However, it was often found to be too restrictive in practice, and thus many column-oriented databases such as Google's BigTable do allow "column groups" to avoid frequently needed joins.
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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